Fabrication of cobalt aluminum-layered double hydroxide nanosheets/carbon spheres composite as novel electrode material for supercapacitors

A new design route was presented to fabricate cobalt aluminum-layered double hydroxide(CoAl-LDH) thin layers which grow on carbon spheres(CSs) through a growth method. The CoAl-LDH thin layers consist of nanoflakes with a thickness of 20 nm. The galvanostatic charge–discharge test of the CoAl-LDH/CSs composite shows a great specific capacitance of 1198 F/g at 1 A/g (based on the mass of the CoAl-LDH/CSs composite) in 6 mol/L KOH solution, and the composite displays an impressive specific capacitance of 920 F/g even at a high current density of 10 A/g. Moreover, the composite remains a specific capacitance of 928 F/g after 1000 cycles at 2 A/g, and the specific capacitance retention is 84%, indicating that the composite has high specific capacitance, excellent rate capability and good cycling stability in comparison to pristine CoAl-LDH.     

Algorithms and tools for high-throughput geometry-based analysis of crystalline porous materials

Crystalline porous materials have a variety of uses, such as for catalysis and separation. Identifying suitable materials for a given application can, in principle, be done by screening material databases. Such a screening requires automated high-throughput analysis tools that calculate structural properties for all materials contained in a database so they can be compared with search queries, grouped or classified. One important aspect of the structural analysis of materials such as zeolites and metal organic frameworks is the investigation of the geometrical parameters describing pores. Here, we present algorithms and tools to efficiently calculate some of these important parameters. Our tools are based on the Voronoi decomposition, which for a given arrangement of atoms in a periodic domain provides a graph representation of the void space. The resulting Voronoi network is analyzed to obtain the diameter of the largest included sphere and the largest free sphere, which are two geometrical parameters that are frequently used to describe pore geometry. Accessibility of nodes in the network is also determined for a given guest molecule and the resulting information is later used to retrieve dimensionality of channel systems as well as in Monte Carlo sampling of accessible surfaces and volumes. The presented algorithms are implemented in a software tool, Zeo++, which includes a modified version of the Voro++ library. We present example applications of our algorithms and tools using zeolite frameworks currently listed in the Atlas of Zeolite Frameworks.     

Mass and heat transfer from or to a single sphere in simple extensional creeping flow

The first detailed numerical investigation on the mass and heat transfer both outside and inside a solid or liquid sphere immersed in a simple extensional flow for a larger range of Peclet numbers (1–100,000) is presented. By making use of the known Stokes velocity field at small Reynolds numbers, a finite difference method with the control volume formulation is adopted to solve the convection‐diffusion transport equation. Simulation results show that the transport rate, which is represented by Sherwood number, is significantly affected by Peclet number and viscosity ratio. The flow direction, no matter a uniaxial extensional flow or a biaxial extensional flow, has no effect on the total transport rate but affects the concentration distribution a lot. Some comparisons between present simulations and previous studies are made to validate each other and confirm the reliability and applicable scopes of reported correlations. A few new correlations are put forward to predict the transfer rate at finite Peclet numbers for various values of viscosity ratios. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 3214–3223, 2012     

膜态沸腾球体水下运动减阻特性

为揭示膜态沸腾球体水下运动减阻机理,基于计算流体力学方法,采用Mixture多相流模型,耦合蒸发-冷凝相变模型,对亚临界雷诺数范围内的膜态沸腾球体绕流减阻特性进行数值仿真,得到的阻力系数与文献[11]实验结果具有较好的一致性。对比分析了普通球体与膜态沸腾球体的绕流特性,研究了雷诺数对膜态沸腾球体绕流特性的影响,分析了膜态沸腾球体绕流运动减阻机理。仿真结果表明:膜态沸腾球体蒸汽膜的存在使球体壁面的无滑移边界条件转化为蒸汽膜的滑移边界条件,减小了壁面对流体的粘滞作用,使流动分离点向尾部移动,减小了球体绕流阻力;蒸汽会在球体尾部发生堆积,随着雷诺数的增大,堆积位置向后移动,阻力系数变小,尾部流动更趋于流线型。     

地震照明分析技术在深海地震数据采集设计中的应用

中国南海北部陆缘深水海域是形成大型油气区的有利区域。但由于该区水深急剧变化,峡谷纵横,构成了海底崎岖的地形地貌带,给该区的油气勘探带来了困难。本文利用高斯射线束地震波正演模拟方法,研究了南海白云凹陷深水崎岖海底区地震波对地下目的层的激发照明以及检波器接收照明能量的分布特征。针对不同接收缆数、不同排列长度及不同激发方向对海底崎岖界面和深部目的层的激发与接收照明能量的模拟分析,初步认识崎岖海底和下伏目的层地震波能量的分布特征,以及不同观测系统参数对地震采集能量的影响程度,为南海崎岖深海区地震采集参数设计提供了依据。     

一种基于偏振特性的水面溢油实验检测方法

水面溢油在反射与辐射过程中,表现出与其自身性质相关的偏振特性,这种与水面溢油性质相关的偏振特性可用Stokes矢量表示.以650 nm的线偏振激光为光源,在实验室用偏振分析仪测量了水面与油面反射时的stokes矢量.通过调节线偏振光的振动面与入射面的角度,实验发现水面与油面的stokes矢量在邦加球中的轨迹有明显的区别...     

LTE-A系统一种降低复杂度的软球形检测算法

软球形译码算法虽然能接近ML(最大似然)算法的误码性能,但其计算复杂度很高。文章提出了一种降低计算复杂度的SSD(软球形译码)算法,该算法在QR(正交三角)分解算法的反向迭代上三角矩阵R中引入减弱噪声部分以缩小初始搜索半径,然后利用最小距离准则对搜索树进行有效地删减,缩小树搜索空间。MATLAB仿真结果表明,该算法在获得接近传统SSD性能的条件下,能够很大程度地降低系统的计算复杂度。     

曲面光斑面积变化模型及其对熔覆质量的影响

目的 建立一种计算曲面工件激光光斑面积变化的数学模型,研究光斑面积在多大范围内变化对熔覆质量的影响最小。方法 采用高斯曲率的倒数作为曲率球的半径,利用曲率球代替NURBS曲面微小单元,通过圆柱体与球体相贯的数学分析方法求取截交面积,进而推导出NURBS曲面光斑面积的数学模型,采用CATIA软件作对比,进行验证。结果 该数学模型得出的结果与CATIA计算的结果相对误差不超过0.2%,满足工程应用。对模型中影响光斑面积大小的三个因素（离焦量、光束姿态、曲率）进行分析表明,影响光斑面积大小的最主要因素是光束姿态。在此基础上,以Q235为母材,KF310粉末为熔覆材料,调整光束姿态分别以0?、10?、20?、30?、40?为入射角进行激光熔覆,测试和分析得出,在0?、10?、20?时,单道熔覆层宽度随空间夹角及光斑面积的增大而增大,熔覆高度随光斑面积增大而减小,熔覆层与基体之间存在亮白色界面,这是凝固初期界面处生长出的平面晶,说明形成了冶金结合。而30?、40?时的单道熔覆层宽度变化不明显,在熔覆道边缘出现粘粉现象,冶合质量不高。结论 光斑面积变化在增加8%的范围内可以保证激光熔覆沉积层的质量,通过该算法的应用可以满足激光再制造快速响应的要求。     

Gaussian Pulsed Current Waveform Welding for Aluminum Alloys

A new welding method, which uses a Gaussian current waveform with a smooth curve and concentrated energy input, was applied for welding of aluminum alloys of various thickness. Current peak modulation and base modulation models are proposed in the article. Five welding experiments were carried out using ER4043 1.2 mm aluminum wire, the results showing that the welding process was found to be stable, and that current and voltage waveforms were regular with no broken arcs or short circuits. Moreover, the arc voice sound was soft with low splatter. Weld seam surfaces were bright with regular scaly stripes and proper weld height and penetration.     

Co类空心球阵列的制备及其光学性能调节

采用磁控溅射的方法,在单层胶体晶体模板上合成了具有六方周期性排列的Co类空心球纳米阵列,并对其结构和光学性能进行了表征和测试。其光学吸收峰与类空心球壳结构的几何参数密切相关:如随着类空心球尺寸的变化,可以实现吸收峰位在几百纳米内的大范围调节(770~1 270nm);而球壳厚度的变化,又可以实现吸收峰位在几十纳米内的精细调节。类空心球结构的周期及球壳厚度,可以通过选择适当的胶体晶体模板(600~1 000nm)及磁控溅射沉积时间来调控。该结构及其特殊的光学性能使其在光学器件、光子晶体及传感器等方面具有重要的应用前景。